Parameter

Unit

Humerus

Radius

Ulna

Femur

Tibia

Fibia

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

Torque

(Range)

Nm

70

(55-78)

55

(39-80)

22

(16-27)

17

(13-23)

14

(8-21)

11

(9-13)

175

(141-222)

136

(78-207)

89

(63-110)

56

(47-63)

9

(6-12)

10

(8-16)

Bending

(Range)

KN

2.71

(2.35-2.94)

1.71

(1.18-2.35)

1.20

(0.98-1.77)

0.67

(0.54-0.88)

1.23

(0.98-2.16)

0.81

(0.69-0.98)

3.92

(3.43-4.66)

2.58

(2.26-3.33)

3.36

(2.30-4.90)

2.24

(1.86-2.65)

0.44

(0.35-0.54)

0.30

(0.21-0.39)

Average Bending Moment

Nm

151

85

48

23

49

28

310

180

207

124

27

17

Axial Compression

(Range)

KN

4.98

(2.71-7.83)

3.61

(2.45-0.09)

3.28

(2.35-4.21)

2.16

(1.03-3.18)

4.98

(2.15-7.83)

3.61

(2.45-5.09)

7.72

(6.85-8.56)

7.11

(5.63-8.56)

10.36

(7.05-16.39)

7.47

(4.89- 10.37)

0.60

(0.24-0.88)

0.48

(0.20-0.83)

Selected Ultimate

Axial Compression

KN

3.5

Level 1 = 3.5KN

Level 2 = 4.6KN

2.1

(Use Ulna for level 1 / 2 injuries)

3.6

Level 1 = 3.6KN

Level 2 = 4.7KN

7.1

Level 1 = 7.1

Level 2 = 7.1

Level 3= 9.2

7.5

Level 2 = 7.5

Level 3 = 9.8

(Use fibula for level 1 injuries)

0.5

Level 1 = 0.5

(Use Tibia in Level 2 / 3 injuries)

Selected

Ultimate

Bending Moment

Nm

85

Level 1 = 85Nm

Level 2 = 111Nm

23

(Use Ulna for level 1 / 2 injuries)

28

Level 1 = 28Nm

Level 2 = 36Nm

180

Level 1 = 180

Level 2 = 180

Level 3 = 235

125

Level 2 = 125

Level 3 = 163

(Use fibula for level 1 injuries)

17

Level 1 = 17

(Use Tibia in Level 2/3 injuries)