AIS

Skeletal Injury

Thorax Soft Tissue Injury

(Heart / Lungs)

Upper Abdomen Soft Tissue Injury

(Liver / Spleen / Kidneys)

1

1 rib fracture

Contusion (bruising) of bronchus

N/A

2

2-3 rib fractures

Sternum fracture

Laceration (cut) of pericardium (area round heart)

Contusion of liver, spleen, kidney

Minor laceration of liver, spleen, kidney

3

4 or more rib fractures.

2-3 rib fractures with hemothorax or pneumothorax

Contusion of heart.

Contusion of lung.

Unilateral lung laceration

Moderate laceration of liver, spleen, kidney

4

Flail Chest.

4 or more rib fractures with hemothorax or pneumothorax

Bilateral lung laceration

Minor aortic laceration

Multiple lacerations or ‘ burst’ failure of liver and spleen.

Major laceration through renal vessel or cortex

5

Bilateral flail chest

Major aortic laceration

Lung laceration with tension pneumothorax

Massive lacerations of liver and blood vessels to liver.

Destruction of the kidneys and spleen

6

-

Aortic laceration with haemorrhage not confined to mediastinum

Destruction of the liver