Seating Configuration

Impact Object

Pelvis Injury

Type

Diagram

Dir

Object

Shape / Stiffness

Injury Mechanisms

Injury Type

Unidirectional

Fwd

No Impact

No Impact

Indirect load caused by knee / upper tibia impact on lower seat back producing high Femur axial loads

Hip joint dislocation and fracture of acetabulum (pelvis part of hip joint)

Open Bay

Fwd

No Impact

No Impact

Indirect load caused by upper tibia impact on seat base edge producing high femur axial loads

Hip joint dislocation and fracture of acetabulum (pelvis part of hip joint)

Bay with table

Fwd

No Impact

No Impact

Very low indirect loads

Very low injury risk

Lateral

Fwd Rwd

Partition wall / seat back / armrest

Flat to blunt / high to moderate

Direct impact load to pelvis or femur trochanter loading the pelvis

Fracture of the acetabulum at the hip joint or pubis bone at the front of the pelvis producing pelvis instability.

Exposed Seat

Fwd

Grab poles

Blunt / high

Direct impact load

Contusions and pelvis fracture producing pelvis instability

Standing

Fwd

Seat side structures / grab poles

Blunt / high

Direct impact load

Contusions and pelvis fracture producing pelvis instability

Unidirectional

Bay Seating

High Backs

Rwd

No Impact

No Impact

Low acceleration loads

Very low injury risk

Unidirectional

Bay Seating

Low Backs

Rwd

No Impact

No Impact

Low acceleration loads

Very low injury risk