Seating Configuration

Impact Object

Abdomen Injury

Type

Diagram

Dir

Object

Shape / Stiffness

Injury Mechanisms

Injury Type

Unidirectional

Fwd

No Impact

No Impact

Low indirect loads

Very Low injury Risk

Open Bay

Fwd

No Impact

No Impact

Low indirect loads

Very Low injury Risk

Bay with table

Fwd

Table edge

Blunt / High (Mod)

Direct impact

Abdomen compression Injuries – Ruptures and contusions to intestines and bladder leading to haemorrhaging and abdominal infections

Lateral

Fwd Rwd

Armrests / Grab Handles

Blunt / High (Mod)

Direct impact

Abdomen compression Injuries – Ruptures and contusions to intestines leading to haemorrhaging and abdominal infections

Exposed Seat

Fwd

Grab handles Grab poles

Blunt / High (Mod)

Direct impact

Abdomen compression Injuries – Ruptures and contusions to intestines and bladder leading to haemorrhaging and abdominal infections

Standing

Fwd

Grab handles Grab poles

Blunt / High (Mod)

Direct impact

Abdomen compression Injuries – Ruptures and contusions to intestines and bladder leading to haemorrhaging and abdominal infections

Unidirectional

Bay Seating

High Backs

Rwd

Seat Back

Flat / Low

Acceleration Loads

Very Low injury risk

Unidirectional

Bay Seating

Low Backs

Rwd

Seat Back

Flat / Low

Acceleration Loads

Very Low injury risk